Oral cancer: A silent culprit taking its toll on India
Aug. 27, 2024, 8:08 a.m.
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Oral cancer, a serious condition silently affecting the mouth, is becoming a significant health concern globally. The situation is especially concerning in India, where it is the most common form of cancer among men. India also has the highest number of lip and oral cavity cancer cases worldwide.
Lip and oral cavity cancers are most common among Indian men, with a striking incidence of 15.6%. According to GLOBOCAN 2022, India reported 143,759 cases of oral cancer, a number projected to double by 2050. This concerning trend highlights the need for immediate action to safeguard individuals, families, and communities. The mortality rate from oral cancer in India is alarming, with predictions of a rise from 20359.7 deaths in 2022 to 147300 deaths by 2050. These statistics underscore the urgent need for intervention and support. Globally, there were 389,800 oral cancer cases in 2022, a figure that is also expected to double by 2025. This emphasizes the global nature of the challenge, demanding a unified response.
Behind these stark statistics are the heartbreaking stories of individuals and families grappling with the devastating consequences of this disease. Oral cancer's impact extends far beyond the physical suffering of patients. The emotional toll, financial burden, and shattered dreams associated with this disease are immeasurable. A study by Tata Memorial Hospital estimated that premature oral cancer deaths cost India a staggering $5.6 billion in lost productivity in 2022. The study revealed that 91% of fatalities or terminal cases occurred among patients with a median age of 41.5 years. The financial losses for men exceeded Rs 57 lakh and Rs 71 lakh for women. This economic loss impacts the nation's well-being and tears apart families, plunging them into poverty.
Chronic tobacco use is the primary cause of oral cancer, accounting for 90% of cases. India bears the heaviest burden, experiencing approximately 200,000 deaths annually due to smokeless tobacco products. Alarmingly, over 30% of Indians, including 14.6% of children, use tobacco. This likely contributes to the prevalence of oral cancer among younger individuals in our OPDs, with some patients as young as their 20s.
Under the umbrella of Tata Cancer Care Foundation by Tata Trusts, the Ranchi Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (RCHRC) emphasizes the importance of preventive measures through a school-based initiative. In alignment with the National Tobacco Control Programme, RCHRC educates students about the dangers of tobacco and the regulations outlined in the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA). To date, RCHRC has reached over 28,000 young individuals with awareness programs on the perils of tobacco use.
One of the challenges in combating oral cancer is its silent progression in the early stages, often without noticeable symptoms. It is essential for individuals to consult a doctor if they have a sore that lasts for more than two to three weeks. Additionally, white or red patches in the mouth, known as leukoplakia and erythroplakia, may indicate precancerous conditions requiring immediate medical attention. Early detection through regular screenings, which can be as simple as a thorough examination under good lighting, can greatly improve treatment outcomes.
Several misconceptions and myths regarding cancer, particularly concerning biopsies, hinder prompt diagnosis and treatment. It is crucial to address these misconceptions directly. Biopsies are safe and necessary for accurate diagnosis, contrary to the belief that they spread cancer. A united effort by government agencies and medical organizations to dispel such misconceptions is essential in encouraging patients to seek necessary treatment. While oral cancer can be successfully treated, it is important to understand that no treatment guarantees a 100% cure rate. However, early-stage cancers have a promising prognosis of around 90%, highlighting the importance of awareness and early screening to save lives. The crucial step is to consult a specialist promptly and not be misled by those who make false claims of a 100% cure.
Cancer patients face more than just physical suffering; they also bear the burden of social stigma. These patients are often judged by the community and neglected by their own. Often, underprivileged patients cannot even afford basic transportation, let alone travel comfortably to distant cities for treatment, leading to significant expenses. While the establishment of cancer centers, like RCHRC in Ranchi, is commendable, there is a pressing need to expand such facilities in rural areas. By adopting new surgical techniques and treating cancer in its early stages, we can alleviate the fears of disfigurement and functional impairment that discourage some patients from seeking treatment.
Advertisement Preventing oral cancer requires awareness, regulation of tobacco usage and educating children. Healthcare systems must prepare for the increase in cases by increasing capacity, while rehabilitation services need improvement. Comprehensive care is essential for patients’ quality of life. Collaboration between the government, medical professionals, and society is crucial in battling oral cancer. By fostering awareness, dispelling myths, promoting early detection, and supporting rehabilitation, and prevention, we can protect countless lives and families from the devastating effects of oral cancer in India.
